Inverted relief
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material, which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented inverted topographies have been discovered on Mars . [2]
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
94672 characters 10 sections 17 paragraphs 14 images 666 internal links 11 external links |
inverted 0.626 nw 0.299 illumination 0.271 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.142 erosion 0.133 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 image 0.117 valley 0.111 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material, which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented inverted topographies have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2017 |
32444 characters 10 sections 17 paragraphs 14 images 37 internal links 11 external links |
inverted 0.626 nw 0.299 illumination 0.271 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.142 erosion 0.133 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 image 0.117 valley 0.111 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material, which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented inverted topographies have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2016 |
32594 characters 10 sections 17 paragraphs 14 images 36 internal links 11 external links |
inverted 0.627 nw 0.300 illumination 0.272 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.143 erosion 0.134 image 0.128 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 valley 0.112 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented examples of inverted topography have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2015 |
31630 characters 10 sections 17 paragraphs 14 images 36 internal links 9 external links |
inverted 0.627 nw 0.300 illumination 0.272 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.143 erosion 0.134 image 0.128 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 valley 0.112 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented examples of inverted topography have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2014 |
30969 characters 11 sections 17 paragraphs 13 images 35 internal links 9 external links |
inverted 0.627 nw 0.300 illumination 0.272 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.143 erosion 0.134 image 0.128 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 valley 0.112 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented examples of inverted topography have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2013 |
30969 characters 11 sections 17 paragraphs 13 images 35 internal links 9 external links |
inverted 0.627 nw 0.300 illumination 0.272 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.143 erosion 0.134 image 0.128 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 valley 0.112 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , Inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented examples of inverted topography have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2012 |
30668 characters 11 sections 17 paragraphs 13 images 35 internal links 9 external links |
inverted 0.627 nw 0.300 illumination 0.272 stream 0.195 resistant 0.153 hirise 0.144 channels 0.143 erosion 0.134 image 0.128 mesozoic 0.128 ridge 0.125 relief 0.121 valley 0.112 sinuous 0.111 landscape 0.105 |
Inverted relief , Inverted topography , or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the material that surrounds it. Differential erosion then removes the less resistant surrounding material, leaving behind the younger resistant material which may then appear as a ridge where previously there was a valley. Terms such as "inverted valley" or "inverted channel" are used to describe such features. [1] Inverted relief has been observed on the surfaces of other planets as well as on Earth. For example, well-documented examples of inverted topography have been discovered on Mars . [2] |
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| 2011 |
25267 characters 6 sections 17 paragraphs 13 images 28 internal links 1 external links |
inverted 0.474 fluvial 0.258 sediments 0.195 stream 0.190 valley 0.181 erosion 0.173 ridge 0.171 cementation 0.170 resistant 0.149 relief 0.147 sinuous 0.143 channels 0.139 grained 0.133 ridges 0.133 depression 0.131 |
Inverted relief is a landscape that is part of a planet's surface, e.g. Mars , that contains positive landforms, i.e. hills and ridges, that were once depressions in its surface. On Earth, inversion of relief can occur whenever either the sediments or other strata underlying a depression, typically the floor of a floodplain or fluvial valley, becomes more resistant to erosion than the strata in which the valley has been cut. Then differential erosion preferentially removes the less resistant strata underlying the walls of the depressions and adjacent uplands, leaving the floor of the depression as a topographic high. [1] |
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| 2010 |
18630 characters 4 sections 14 paragraphs 13 images 13 internal links 1 external links |
inverted 0.697 stream 0.279 streams 0.188 hirise 0.186 image 0.184 channels 0.178 syrtis 0.148 miyamoto 0.140 juventae 0.137 antoniadi 0.113 ridge 0.108 cemented 0.097 cedar 0.091 chasma 0.089 resistant 0.088 |
Some areas of Mars show inverted refief, where features that were once depressions, like streams, are now instead above the surface. It is believed that materials like large rocks were deposited in low-lying areas. Later, erosion (perhaps wind which can't move large rocks) removed much of the surface layers, but left behind the more resistant deposits. Other ways of making inverted relief might be lava flowing down a stream bed or materials being cemented by minerals dissolved in water. On Earth, materials cemented by silica are highly resistant to all kinds of erosional forces. Examples of inverted channels on Earth are found in the Cedar Mountain Formation near Green River, Utah . Inverted relief in the shape of streams are further evidence of water flowing on the Martian surface in past times. [1] Images of other examples of inverted terrain are shown below from various parts of Mars. |
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| 2009 |
8515 characters 1 sections 6 paragraphs 6 images 10 internal links 1 external links |
inverted 0.669 syrtis 0.249 stream 0.201 antoniadi 0.190 channels 0.171 cemented 0.162 streams 0.158 resistant 0.147 relief 0.145 materials 0.126 bar 0.120 miyamoto 0.118 juventae 0.115 flowing 0.111 erosional 0.107 |
Some areas of Mars show inverted refief, where features that were once depressions, like streams, are now instead above the surface. It is believed that materials like large rocks were deposited in low-lying areas. Later, erosion (perhaps wind which can't move large rocks) removed much of the surface layers, but left behind the more resistant deposits. Other ways of making inverted relief might be lava flowing down a stream bed or materials being cemented by minerals dissolved in water. On Earth, materials cemented by silica are highly resistant to all kinds of erosional forces. Inverted relief in the shape of streams are further evidence of water flowing on the Martian surface in past times. [1] Images of other examples of inverted terrain are shown below from various parts of Mars. |